In order to see something as small as a chromosome, It is necessary to employ the use of a scanning electron microscope.
The question states that we wish to study the movements of condensed chromosomes during cellular division. This means that we will need a scope capable of not only looking inside of a cell but even inside of the nucleus of a cell, an extremely minute space.
Logically, a magnifying glass will not be able to accomplish this given that it only allows us to see macroscopic elements, many hundreds of times bigger than what we wish to observe. We run into similar limitations with standard light and transmission microscopes. Although these allow us to see things on a microscopic level, they fall short of the desired capability.
Though the transmission microscope can see even smaller elements than a standard light microscope, both are limited to the surface of cells. The SEM or scanning electron microscope, on the other hand, allows the user to see elements down to 0.1 nanometers in size. Given that chromosomes are between 10 and 30 nanometers in size, we can use this microscope for the desired study.
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