Given what we know about the nerves that transmit sensory information, we can confirm that the patient in question will have damage of the C6 spinal nerve.
Sensory information is transmitted in a distinct fashion from the information that allows us to move our muscles. While motor functions are transmitted from the brain to the muscles we wish to move, sensory information is the opposite, it travels from the muscles or skin receptors to the brain.
Another distinction is that while motor nerves are often named and follow a set path in the body, the sensory nerves of the body are often lacking names, and are described by the spinal nerve from which they originate. In this case, the nerve responsible for the sensation of the left thumb corresponds to the C6 spinal nerve.
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