Cause and effect is a type of text organization where the things which were the catalyst for another event to happen. The cause must always happen before the effect.
For example, cutting down of trees (deforestation) would likely lead to soil erosion because there is an absence of trees to protect the soil.
The deforestation is the cause, while the soil erosion is the effect.
This type of text organization is particularly useful when trying to place side by side the causes of a thing and the effect so that it can be immediately seen at a glance and quick analysis can be made.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to help you get a better understanding.
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