There are different reasons why things happens. If differential heating did not occur on earth, then there no global warming or global cooling will take place in the atmosphere.
When the Earth flat surface is facing the sun, all its part of that surface would get the same level of incoming solar radiation but the fact remains that due to the Earth being spherical in shape, sunlight is therefore not distributed evenly over the Earth’s surface and as such all the regions of Earth will be heated to different degrees.
Thus, differential heating of Earth’s surface takes place due to different reasons.
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