30 POINTSSSSS !!!!!
African penguins are only found along the southwestern coast of Africa. These penguins spend the majority of their lives at sea, but they return to land to breed during the winter. In response to rapidly declining population sizes, the species was classified as endangered in the year 2010. One of the threats facing African penguins is overfishing.

Overfishing occurs when the levels of commercial harvest of a fish population exceeds the ability of the population to replenish itself. Overfishing of African penguin's primary prey, anchovies and sardines, has led to significant population declines in these fish. As a result, African penguins have to travel further in search of food or to switch their diet to less nutritious prey fish, such as the bearded goby. Such shifts in food quality in penguins have been linked to decreased reproductive success, which is a measure of the number of offspring that are produced and survive.

Several strategies have been proposed to reduce the impact of overfishing on African penguins:

Strategy 1: Designate MPAs (Marine Protected Areas), zones in which commercial fish harvests are not allowed, in regions around African penguin colonies.
Strategy 2: Develop a stocking program to increase the populations of non-commercial fish species, like bearded gobies, in regions around penguin breeding grounds.
Strategy 3: Monitor the movements of anchovy and sardine populations to improve the understanding of the ecological needs of these animals.
Which strategy is likely to be the most effective in reducing the impact of overfishing on African penguins?

The strategy that would most likely reduce the impact of overfishing is . This strategy will be the most effective because it should lead to a , which should improve food availability for the penguins and heighten their reproductive success.