The central idea of the text is:
"Othering affects individuals, communities, and societies negatively" (Option D)
The central idea of an essay, journal, article, song or book is defined as what the principal message being communicated by such literature.
Central idea is different from the topic so it should not be confused with one another.
Please note that Othering is the practice of treating others differently or as alien to one's self or community or group.
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