The limiting reactant refers to the reactant that is in small amount. The extent of the reaction depends on the amount of the limiting reactant.
The term limiting reactant refers to the reactant that is in small amount, We shall now solve the questions individually.
1) The reaction equation is;
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
Number of moles of CaO = 10 g/56 g/mol = 0.18 moles
Number of moles of H2O = 10 g/18 g/mol = 0.56
Since the reaction is 1:1, CaO is the limiting reactant
Mass of calcium hydroxide = 0.18 moles * 74 g/mol = 13.32 g
2) The reaction equation is;
Mg + Br2 → MgBr2
Number of moles of Mg = 1 g/24 g/mol = 0.042 moles
Number of moles of Br2= 5 g/160 g/mol = 0.031 moles
Since the reaction is 1:1, Br2 is the limiting reactant
Mass of MgBr2 = 0.031 moles * 184 g/mol = 5.7 g
3) The reaction equation is;
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Number of moles of CuO= 2.00 g/80 g/mol = 0.025 moles
Number of moles of H2 = 1.00g/2 g/mol = 0.5 moles
Since the reaction is 1:1, CuO is the limiting reactant
Mass of Cu = 0.025 moles * 63.5 g/mol = 1.59 g
4) The reaction equation is;
2Na + F2 → 2NaF
Number of moles of Na = 2.30 g/23 g/mol = 0.10 moles
Number of moles of F2 = 2.85 g/38 g/mol = 0.075 moles
If 2 moles of Na react with 1 mole of F2
x moles of Na reacts with 0.075 moles of F2
x = 0.15
Hence Na is the limiting reactant
Mass of NaF = 0.10 moles * 42 g/mol = 4.2 g
5) The equation of the reaction is;
Fe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
Number of moles of Fe2O3 = 8.00 g/160 g/mol = 0.05 moles
Number of moles of Al = 2.16 g/27 g/mol = 0.08 moles
If 1 mole of Fe2O3 reacts with 2 mole of Al
x moles of Fe2O3 reacts with 0.08 moles of Al
x = 0.04 moles
Hence, Fe2O3 is the limiting reactant
1 mole of Fe2O3 yileds 2 moles of Fe
0.05 moles yileds 0.05 moles * 2 moles/1 mole = 0.1 moles
Mass of Fe = 0.1 moles * 56 g/mol = 5.6 g
6) The equation of the reaction is;
2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3
Number of moles of Al = 13.5 g/27 g/mol = 0.5 moles
Num ber of moles of Cl2 = 42.6 g /71 g/mol = 0.6 moles
If 2 moles of Al reacts with 3 moles of Cl2
x moles of Al reacts with 0.6 moles of Cl2
x = 0.4 moles
Al is the limiting reactant
Mass of AlCl3 = 0.4 moles * 133 g/mol = 53.2 g
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