Radioactive isotopes are unstable atoms that have an excess of energy in their protons and neutrons. The most penetrating radiation from isotopes is gamma radiation.
Gamma radiations are the radioactive emissions that are released along with the other particles like the alpha and the beta rays from an unstable nucleus of the radioactive isotope.
Gamma rays have no particles but release a high-energy photon without a mass or a charge, this makes them the most penetrating rays and makes alpha the least penetrating.
Therefore, gamma radiations are the most penetrating radiations.
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