Williams James is referring to the theory of the truth. He says that people experience something and considers it to be true.
Pragmatism is living in the reality and to have the practical approach to the life. William James strongly believes in the practical approach of the life.
James exclaims this view by saying that when people encounter a new experience that strains or contradicts old ideas in some way, they generally retain as much of their old notions as possible.
Thus the James says some things are instruments because a person gains the truth from his experience.
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