Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their valence shells.
The valence/outermost shell of magnesium and calcium both has two electrons. An element's chemical characteristics are dictated by how its electrons are arranged in their orbits around the nucleus. The same number of protons and electrons means that an element's chemical behavior is fundamentally determined by its atomic number, which explains why Mg and Ca share the same chemical properties.
On the periodic table, magnesium and calcium are both located in the second vertical column. Magnesium and calcium are alkaline earth metals, just like all Group 2 elements. Both of them are salt-forming soft, silver-colored metals that respond fast to halogen gases like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
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