When a firm produces a specific output level at a higher cost than the necessary cost for that level of output, it is called x-inefficiency.
What is x-inefficiency?
- A firm's observable behavior in practice that deviates from the efficient behavior expected or suggested by economic theory, as impacted by a lack of competitive pressure, is said to be X-inefficient.
- Harvey Leibenstein was the one who first proposed the idea of X-inefficiency.
- In 1966, Harvard University professor Harvey Leibenstein published an article titled "Allocative efficiency vs. X efficiency" in the American Economic Review, which proposed the concept of X-inefficiency.
- The term "X-inefficiency" refers to a firm's production that does not fully utilize its resources, with the end result reaching the efficiency frontier, which is the highest level of output achievable given the available resources and environment.
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