Fishes, amphibians, nonavian reptiles, birds, and mammals are crucial components of numerous ecosystems, particularly as intermediaries in numerous food chains and food webs.
Importance to humans:
- Amphibians, particularly anurans, are economically advantageous because they help to decrease the amount of insects that damage crops or spread illness.
- Fishes and Amphibians serve as a food supply for some human communities, particularly in Southeast Asia, and hence provide provisioning services.
- They also present promise for new pharmaceuticals including analgesics and anti-viral medications made from skin secretions, as well as function as models in medical research.
- For food and clothing, humans have relied on other mammal species. Mammals were domesticated to provide a source of nourishment for the expanding human population as well as tools for hard labor and transportation.
- Birds help people directly by controlling insects and rodents, pollinating plants, and dispersing seeds.
Importance to ecosystem:
- Both reptiles and amphibians play a significant role in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
- Both groups function as predators and prey, and the species that live in both environments help move energy back and forth between them.
- The thin skin of amphibians allows them to occasionally breathe through it and allows them to absorb harmful chemicals, radiation, and infections. Because they are the first to be impacted by environmental deterioration, frogs are regarded as "indicator species."
- Birds help people directly by controlling insects and rodents, pollinating plants, and dispersing seeds.
- Mammals facilitate carbon sequestration and water body conservation by controlling the populations of other animals and protecting essential plant species.
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