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The cytoplasmic membranes of both bacteria and eukaryotic cell contain unbranched phospholipids and proteins. A cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that encloses and protects the cytoplasm in practically all cells. In addition to lipids, proteins also make up biological membranes; the presence of these proteins distinguishes one membrane from another.

Phospholipids are restricted to the inner leaflet of the bacterial membrane and are not present in the outer membrane. Lipopolysaccharide makes up the majority of the glycolipids in the outer leaflet of the OM (LPS).

The plasma membrane is the double layer of lipids that divides the inside of the cell from the external environment and is present in eukaryotic cells. Phospholipids, a specialised lipid type, make up most of this double layer, where two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head make up a phospholipid.

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