When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum cause clumping (agglutination) of donor cells, the blood type specified is O.
What is agglutination?
Antibodies or agglutinins for the antigens A and B exsist in the plasma and these are termed anti-A and anti-B. Antigen antibody complexes are formed when the corresponding antigen and antibody are not present, thus effectively agglutinating the blood. in this, few blood drops are mixed with sera that contain anti -sera or antibodies. If the blood doesn't react to any of the anti-A or anti-B serum , then the blood type is O. The blood group O contains both antibodis A and B but contains neither A antigen nor B antigen. Therefore , blood type O is referred to as universal donor.
So, when neither anti-a serum nor anti-b serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type O.
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