Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.
What is resonating structure?
- Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.
- This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.
- As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.
- N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.
- On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.
- N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.
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