A mathematical function known as an orbital is used to describe the wave-like behavior of an electron, an electron pair, or (less frequently) nucleons.
Atomic orbitals outline the potential locations of electrons within an atom. In molecules, molecular orbitals play the same function.
Each atomic orbital has three quantum numbers, n, l, and ml, attached to it. The wave function was used to calculate these numbers.
The square of the wave function 2 can be used to calculate the size and form of an orbital.
All atomic orbitals are centered on the atomic nucleus and have unique forms.
The s, p, and d orbitals—orbitals that correspond to the s, p, and d subshells—are the orbitals that are most frequently encountered in introductory quantum chemistry.
F orbitals can be found in the ground states of heavier atoms as well.
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