To convert α-D-glucose to the β-D-glucose, the bond between the C-1 and the hydroxyl on the C-5 must be broken and the reformed in the opposite of the configuration.
To convert the D-glucose to the D-mannose, either the —H or the —OH on C-2 that must be broken and reformed in the opposite of the configuration. Conversion between chair and the conformations does not require a bond the breakage; this is the critical and distinction between the configuration and the conformation.
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose is the example of an anomers. An Anomer is a saccharide only the differs in its structure at the anomeric of the carbon. Anomeric carbon is being the functional group of the carbohydrate, in which is usually the carboxyl group which is attached to it. Epimeres, is differ at only the one chiral center, not the anomeric carbon.
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