In general, wavelength is the difference between the energy that comes into earth from the sun and the energy that earth emits back to space.
The earth-atmosphere energy balance is the balance between incoming energy from the Sun and outgoing energy from the Earth. Energy released from the Sun is emitted as shortwave light and ultraviolet energy. When it reaches the Earth, some is reflected back to space by clouds, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, and some is absorbed at the Earth's surface.
The global energy balance is particularly dependent on the absorption of infrared radiation that the Earth is trying to send back into space. In comparison to the case where there is no atmosphere, energy absorption by the atmosphere stores more energy close to its surface.
The moon, which has no atmosphere, has an average surface temperature of 0°F (-18°C). The average surface temperature of the Earth is 59°F (15°C), in comparison. The greenhouse effect is the name given to this heating effect.
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