Exposure to carcinogens is the main factor that typically triggers the differentiation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.
Proto-oncogenes are genes whose faulty expression (either high levels or expression in abnormal tissues) may lead to cancer, whereas oncogenes are already mutated protooncogenes that trigger cancer.
In conclusion, exposure to carcinogens is the main factor that typically triggers the differentiation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.
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