The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as depolarization.
The membrane potential normally becomes more positive in response to neurotransmitters that open Na+ channels, more negatively in response to those that open K+ channels, and vice versa in response to neurotransmitters that inhibit these channels.
The orientation dispersion of the electromagnetic waves that make up light beams is referred to as polarization. Unpolarized (uniformly mixed orientations), linearly polarized (fixed orientations), and circularly polarized are some of the different polarization states that light can take on (rotating field about the line of sight).
At a specific location on the neuron's membrane, hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential increases, and depolarization occurs when the membrane potential decreases (more positive).
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