The lava in lamp A has a heavier liquid that absorbs the heat, and as it heats up, it expands.
As it expands it becomes less dense. Because the liquids have very similar densities, the formerly heavier liquid is suddenly lighter than the other liquid, so it rises. As it rises, it cools, making it denser and therefore heavier, so it sinks.
What is a lava lamp?
This is a transparent electric lamp containing a viscous liquid in which a brightly coloured waxy substance is suspended, rising and falling in irregular and constantly changing shapes.
The earth's plates move by Ridge-Push and Slab Pull. At constructive plate margins, lava is extruded and new crust forms as the convection push the hot magma through and the slab pull is where the dense subducted plate pulls the rest of the plate along.
That is the very basics of what happens. Lamp A - Off - The lava is cold, and therefore does not flow or convect. Lamp B - On - The lava at the bottom by the light is being heated, as it heats, it gets less dense and rises to the top.
When at the top, it cools down, gets denser and then falls back to the bottom again. The heat source of the lava lamp is the light giving heat energy.
The heat source in the earth is the core and the radioactive processes (Mainly radioactive decay) that occur within it.
The lava in the lamp represents the earth's mantle. The floating pieces are trying to be the earth's crustal plates, and they would move over the lava (earth's mantle) due to the convection.
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