Respuesta :
Nearly every compound of silicon has the element in the ⁺4 oxidation state. In contrast, most compounds of lead have the element in the ⁺2 state because of inert pair effect.
What is Inert pair effect?
The inert-pair effect is defined as the tendency of two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital almost remain unshared in the compounds of the post-transition metals.
How we calculate Oxidation state?
- Each atom in an element either be in its uncombined or free state has oxidation number of zero. Such as each atom in H₂, Cl₂ , P4, ,O₂ , Na, Al, O3, S8, and Mg, all have an oxidation number zero.
- The oxidation state of ions that comprise of only one atom is the actual charge on the ion.
- The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1, excluding when it is bonded to metals having two elements. For example, CaH2, its oxidation state is –1.
- Fluorine and other halogens have an oxidation state equal to –1 when they appear as a form of halide ions in their compounds.
Since the inert pair effect increases as we go down the group and become more predominant, therefore, the stability of +2 oxidation state goes on increasing down the group. Therefore, Lead is mostly found in +2 oxidation state.
Thus, we concluded that due to inert pair effect Lead is mostly found in +2 oxidation state. While, silicon found in +4 oxidation state.
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