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A P . bursaria cell that has lost its zoochlorellae is aposymbiotic. If aposymbiotic cells have population growth rates the same as those of healthy, zoochlorella-containing P . bursaria in well-lit environments with plenty of prey items, then such an observation would be consistent parasitic
What is parasitic ?
In a close association between species known as parasitism, one organism—the parasite—lives on or inside another—the host—doing harm to it while being physically adapted to this mode of existence. Parasites are described as "predators that consume prey in units of fewer than one" by the entomologist E. O.
Wilson. In addition to animals like hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats, parasites also include single-celled protozoans like those that cause malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery, fungi like honey fungus and ringworm agents, and plants like mistletoe, dodder, and broomrapes.
In order to take advantage of their animal hosts, parasites use six main methods: parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism, tropically transmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoids, and micropredation.
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