A common-size income statement is an accounting statement that expresses all of a firm's expenses as a percentage of total equity.
In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often indicated by the percent sign '%', but the abbreviations 'pct.', 'pct', and 'pc' are also sometimes used. Percentages are dimensionless numbers. It has no units of measure. Wikipedia
The percent difference between two values is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the difference between the two numbers by the average of those two numbers. Multiplying the result by 100 gives the answer as a percentage, not as a decimal. Finding 10% of a number means dividing by 10, so it's common to think that finding 20% of a number requires dividing by 20. To get 10% of a number you need to divide by 10. Because 10 goes into 100 10 times. So to get 20% of a number, divide by 5. Because 20 goes into 100 5 times.
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