Respuesta :
the following process in doping of a semi conductor
It is known that the conductivity of the molecule which highly depends on the nature of the constituting atoms.
The energy gap varies greatly between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
In order to enhance the conductivity of semiconductors,
for example, a so-called doping method is used – when the other elements are added to increase/decrease the number of the total valence electrons.
For n-type semiconductor
n-type semiconductor, namely the conductor, which has an extra negative charge, we aim to increase the number of valence electrons.
By doping with other atoms, the atoms of an insulator (typically, non-metal) occupy the vacant lattice sites and the additional electrons are allocated to the conduction band (empty MO level) of the original atom.
Thus, now the semiconductor has more electrons upon their migration and is more negative than before.
An example is doping Si with P or N.
For p-type semiconductor
p-type semiconductor, namely the conductor, which has a lack of negative charge – i.e. has a positive charge, we aim to create empty orbitals – ‘positive holes’.
The atoms with fewer electrons are added to the semiconductor, and since there are empty orbitals of (lower) energy – the electrons migrate from the semiconductor to the impurity atom (making the semiconductor positively charged), increasing the total conductivity of the mixture.
An example is doping
Si with B
The doping method is used to vary the conductivity of semiconductors by addition of valence electrons (n-type) or lose of valence electrons (p-type) of semiconductors.
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