Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure lead to the production of short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen.
How are B-cells activated?
When the B cell receptor (BCR) interacts with either soluble or membrane-bound antigens, the B cell is activated.
- This activates the BCR, causing microclusters to form and downstream signalling cascades to occur.
- The microcluster finally contracts and forms an immunological synapse, allowing for a stable contact between B and T cells and the provision of bidirectional activation signals.
B cells produce two types of immunological responses.
- B cells can respond directly to antigens in a T-independent immunological response.
- In a T-dependent immune response, B cells require T-cell support in order to respond.
Activated B cells travel to the edge of the T cell zone to engage with T cells in this condition.
- B cells that have received antigen and begun to proliferate may escape the follicle and develop into plasmablasts, which are short-lived plasma cells.
- As an early attempt to neutralize the foreign antigen, they release antibodies. They don't live more than three days, but the antibodies they create can help to block fast-dividing diseases like viruses.
Hence the correct answer is option D
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