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What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity? A. It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered. B. It enables an animal to counter most pathogens almost instantly the first time they are encountered. C. It results in effector cells with specificity for a large number of antigens. D. It allows for the destruction of antibodies.

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The major advantage conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity it enables a rapid defence against an antigen that has been previously encountered.

Defence mechanism against antigen

The immune system is made up of three tiers of defensive mechanisms that a virus must pass through in order to enter the host.

Physical impediment

The initial line of defence is the innate immune system, which is separated into two categories: physical/chemical barriers and nonspecific resistance.

  • Physical barriers, such as the skin and mucosa of the digestive and respiratory tracts
  • Aid in pathogen elimination and the prevention of tissue and/or blood infections.

Furthermore, components released by the skin or mucosa, such as perspiration, saliva, tears, and mucus, contribute to a fundamental barrier against invading microorganisms.

Innate nonspecific response

Pathogens that pass through the physical barriers are then confronted by the second line of defence.

  • This innate immune response primarily involves immune cells and proteins that identify and remove any infection that enters the body nonspecifically.
  • Phagocytosis is an important innate immune system process that involves the use of phagocytes, a kind of immune cell.

Phagocytes are classified into two types: macrophages and neutrophils. These cells can be present in the tissues as well as the blood.

  • Pathogen digestion within a phagosome results in indigestible materials and antigenic fragments; indigestible materials are eliminated by exocytosis.

Hence, the correct answer is option A

Learn more about phagocytosis here,

https://brainly.com/question/11667538

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