In Griffith’s experiments, DNA made the harmless r cells grow capsules when exposed to heat-killed s cells
The ultimate objective of Griffith was to treat pneumonia. Griffith injected mice with various pneumococci strains to see if the mice would become unwell and eventually perish.
Griffith tried injecting mice with heat-killed S bacteria as part of his investigations (that is, S bacteria that had been heated to high temperatures, causing the cells to die). Unsurprisingly, the mice were not harmed by the heat-killed S bacterium.
The tests, however, took an unexpected turn when a mouse was injected with a mixture of safe R bacteria and safe S bacteria that had been heat-killed. The mouse not only developed pnenumonia and passed away, but when Griffith examined the rodent's blood, he discovered that it still contained active S germs!
Griffith concluded that the R-strain bacteria must have taken up what he called a "transforming principle" from the heat-killed S bacteria, which allowed them to "transform" into smooth-coated bacteria and become virulent.
These results all pointed to DNA as the likely transforming principle.
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