HCl gas is much more soluble than propane gas in water because water and HCl are polar in nature and propane gas is non-polar in nature, "like dissolves like"
- Water is polar in nature because of the bent shape of the water molecule due to which there is an unequal charge distribution over the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen involved in water molecule.
- HCL is a polar molecule because chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. It pulls the bound electron pair closer to it, and gets a partial negative charge whereas hydrogen gets a partial positive charge.
- Propane is a nonpolar molecule because the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 which is lower to form a polar bond according to Pauling scale
- HCl has lower boiling point than water as HCl only has dipole-dipole interaction, while water has dipole interactions as well as hydrogen bonding which is strong and requires more energy.
Thus we can conclude that polar molecules attract water molecules mainly through hydrogen bonding and thus are readily soluble in water. Non polar molecules do not dissolve easily in water.
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