The hexaaqua complex [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ is green, whereas the hexaammonia complex [Ni(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is violet because NH₃ is a stronger ligand than H₂O so, it absorbs high energy as compared to other, hence results in color variation.
A ligand is an ion or molecule that provides a central metal atom or ion with two electrons to create a coordination complex. The Latin root of the term "ligand" means "to tie or bind." Anions, cations, and neutral substances can all function as ligands. Lewis bases are ligands that donate electron pairs, and Lewis acids are central metal atoms (electron pair acceptors). Covalent and ionic bonds are two different types of bonding that can exist between a metal and its ligand.
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