Francium is an atomic number 87 chemical element with the symbol Fr. It is exceedingly radioactive; the half-life of its most stable isotope, francium-223, is barely 22 minutes. It is the second most electropositive element, after caesium, and the second most scarce naturally occurring element.
Alpha decay usually occurs in heavy nuclei such as uranium or plutonium, and therefore is a major part of the radioactive fallout from a nuclear explosion.
Alpha decay occurs most often in massive nuclei that have too large a proton to neutron ratio. An alpha particle, with its two protons and two neutrons, is a very stable configuration of particles.
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