Formation of ¹⁸⁶Ir through electron capture.
A proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, typically from the K or L electron shells, in a process known as electron capture (sometimes spelled K-electron capture or L-electron capture). Thus, a nuclear proton is converted to a neutron by this process, which also results in the emission of an electron neutrino.
This single neutrino's characteristic energy is due to the fact that it contains the whole decay energy. Similar to this, the daughter atom recoils with a single characteristic momentum due to the momentum of the neutrino emission.
If the daughter nuclide is excited, it changes to the ground state after the reaction. A gamma ray is often released during this transition, however nuclear de-excitation can also happen inside.
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