A male stickleback fish will attack other male sticklebacks that invade its nesting territory. It will only attack male fish, which display the red belly characteristic of the species. Why has natural selection favored this behavior? A) The behavior reduces competition between species, which gives the male stickleback access to more food.
B) The behavior allows the male stickleback to attract females with its aggressive display.
C) The behavior allows the male to establish a defined space for breeding with female sticklebacks.
D) The behavior is a mechanism to reduce predation and resource competition.

Researchers have utilized three-spined sticklebacks to examine the evolutionary implications of behavioral disorders like aggression and boldness.

How does stickleback fish so competitive?

Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species of stickleback, are the most aggressive, exhibit the most obvious breeding coloring, and have the best-developed morphological defenses against vertebrate predators.
It has been claimed that the move from mating in places of dense vegetation to open habitats, where competition for females would be more fierce, has been helped by the relative independence from predators.
This change in habitat may have facilitated the evolution of male characteristics that increase competitive prowess (such as high levels of aggression) and appeal to females (e.g., red breeding coloration)

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