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The purpose of uranium enrichment is to increase the percentage of the uranium-235 isotope with respect to others, with a necessary percentage of around 4% for light water reactors.
What is uranium?
Chemical element uranium has the atomic number 92 and the letter U. It is an actinide metal in the periodic table's silvery-gray series. There are 92 protons and 92 electrons in an atom of uranium, of which 6 are valence electrons. All uranium isotopes are unstable, making uranium very mildly radioactive. The half-lives of uranium's naturally occurring isotopes range from 159,200 years to 4.5 billion years.
Uranium-238, which contains 146 neutrons and makes up more than 99% of the uranium on Earth, and uranium-235 are the two most prevalent isotopes in natural uranium (which has 143 neutrons). The element with the largest atomic weight among those found in the early universe is uranium. Its density is somewhat lower than that of gold or tungsten and is roughly 70% higher than that of lead.
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