ground-state electron configurations - [Xe] 4f^14 5d^2
The electron configuration of Hf²⁺ is [Xe] 4f^14 5d^2. The ion is paramagnetic because there are two unpaired electrons present.
Paramagnetic materials have a small, positive susceptibility to magnetic fields, and are very weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field.
These materials do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed. Paramagnetic materials include magnesium, molybdenum, lithium, and tantalum.
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