Researchers have been studying a rare population of 87 voles in an isolated area. Ten voles from a larger population were added to this isolated population. Besides having ten additional animals, what benefits are there to importing individuals? (A) There is no benefit other than increasing the overall population size. (B) Additional voles will strengthen competition and increase the survival of the fittest. (C) Additional animals would increase beneficial genetic drift. (D) Additional voles from a distant population will likely increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding

Darwinian evolutionary theory gave rise to the expression "survival of the fittest" to describe the workings of natural selection. Reproductive success is the biological definition of fitness. The expression "survival of the form that will leave the most copies of itself in succeeding generations" is best understood in terms of Darwinian evolution.

After reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, Herbert Spencer first used the phrase in his Principles of Biology (1864), where he compared his own economic theories to Darwin's biological ones: "This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called "natural selection," or the preservation of preferred races in the struggle."

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