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  • Haldane's rule is an observation about the early stage of speciation, formulated in 1922 by the British evolutionary biologist J.B.S. Haldane, that states that if in a species hybrid only one sex is inviable or sterile, that sex is more likely to be the heterogametic sex.
  • The heterogametic sex is the one with two different sex chromosomes; in therian mammals, for example, this is the male.
  • Haldane's rule applies to the vast majority of heterogametic organisms.
  • This includes the case where two species make secondary contact in an area of sympatry and form hybrids after allopatric speciation has occurred.

What is heterogametic sex?

Heterogametic sex refers to the sex of a species in which the sex chromosomes are not the same. For example, in humans, males, with an X and a Y sex chromosome, would be referred to as the heterogametic sex, and females having two X sex chromosomes would be referred to as the homogametic sex. This arrangement is known as the XY sex-determination system.

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