Respuesta :
4(a)The delineation of the land did not preclude commerce between neighboring countries. There has always been a need for specific things in other nations, and when businesses earn big profits from strong demand, MNCs step in.
(i)FMCG corporations offer beauty care goods and food with harmful chemicals and preservatives.
Through legitimate and unlawful diplomatic practices, these companies cross national borders to offer dangerous goods.
Certain nations have become the dumping ground for MNCs' dangerous chemicals and air pollution.
(ii)In most poor countries, where there are few government facilities, illicit narcotics and weapons are sold across borders to fulfill demand.
Hundreds of thousands of females and children are unlawfully trafficked from one country to another.
These human rights crimes are owing to the government's lack of ethical corporate policies.
(iii)The Tragedy of the Commons describes an issue in which a country's economy suffers when people overlook the well-being of the community or nation in pursuit of personal gains or advantages, leading to over-consumption and depletion of resources and a loss for everyone.
Overfishing and overhunting are instances of people depleting a pool of resources for their own advantage; another example is the depletion of natural resources due to the over-exploitation of minerals, producing massive environmental pollution.
This is further explained below.
What is are harmful products?
Generally, While the delineation of geographical borders may have slowed commerce between neighboring countries, there has always been a market for specific products in each country. Multinational corporations (MNCs) enter the picture when a company sees a spike in demand for a product that generates a lot of money.
(i)Many fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries, from those specializing in cosmetics to those dealing in food, use chemicals and preservatives that are very harmful to human health.
Through a variety of diplomatic strategies, both legal and criminal, these corporations are able to cross national borders and market their destructive wares to the public at large, reaping enormous financial rewards in the process.
The poisonous chemicals created by these companies are dumped into the soil and water, and dangerous gases are released into the atmosphere, in particular, in some nations. Most impoverished countries' borders are also the areas with the least supplies of government services; as a result, transnational illicit sales of narcotics and weapons for terrorism have long been commonplace there.
Hundreds of thousands of girls and children are unlawfully moved from one country to another via various organizations, making human trafficking a huge cause for alarm.
The lack of proper government rules regarding ethical business operations in its country has led to these human rights breaches.
In conclusion, Overconsumption and resource depletion causes a loss for everyone, as described by the Tragedy of the Commons (iii). This happens when people prioritize their own interests above those of their community or country.
Overfishing and overhunting are two examples of the tragedy of the commons, in which a shared resource is depleted because individuals use it to their own advantage. Another example is the depletion of natural resources caused by the excessive mining of minerals for private gain, which has devastating effects on the environment.
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