The way that the railroads built to transport American settlers in larger number affected the indigenous people was that American Indians' way of life changed because buffalo herds were destroyed for commercial markets.
The railroads allowed much more settlers to move to the Western part of the United States which meant that more land was claimed by these settlers.
These settlers would then hunt and destroy buffalo herds both to curtail their numbers and to sell their meat to commercial markets. This changed the way of life of American Indians who relied heavily on hunting buffalo.
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