Small circular pieces of bacterial DNA that are used as vectors in cloning experiments are called plasmids.
We can define plasmids as small, circular extrachromosomal rings which are found commonly in bacteria. Plasmids can also be found in some eukaryotic cells.
A plasmid can replicate independently, is small in size, has multiple cloning sites, has selective markers and an origin of replication. All these features make plasmids an ideal candidate for vectors needed for cloning. Plasmids have a high copy number inside a cell.
A vector can be described as a DNA molecule into which a foreign DNA is inserted. This DNA is then placed inside the host cell where it replicates along with our desired gene of interest.
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