1. A group of chemistry students wants to find out if hydrochloric acid (HCl) is stronger than sulfuric acid
(H₂SO4) by observing how they react with baking soda. They plan to measure out equal amounts of
baking soda and place them into two identical test tubes. They will then add three drops of each acid
and use a stopwatch measure how long the reaction lasts in seconds.What is the independent variable, dependent variable, and hypothesis?

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pankajpal6971 pankajpal6971 · Answer 1 · 2022-08-27T10:33:14+02:00

Hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than sulphuric acid because the [tex]pK_a[/tex]value of HCl is smaller than H₂SO₄

Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and can donate H⁺ ions to another substance.

Hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid both are stronger acids as compared to other acids

HCl dissolves in an aqueous solution to give out H⁺ and Cl⁻ and is completely dissociated.

H₂SO₄ dissolves in an aqueous solution to give out H₃O⁺ and HSO₄⁻ but the ions are partially dissociated

However, HCl is a stronger acid than H₂SO₄ because of the difference between the pKa values of both acids.

The [tex]pK_a[/tex] value of HCl is -6.3 and the [tex]pK_a[/tex] of H₂SO₄ is -2.8.

The smaller the [tex]pK_a[/tex] value, the stronger the acid.

When HCl reacts with baking soda it gives out common salt, water, and carbon dioxide as gas. The reaction is exothermic

[tex]NaHCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow NaCl +H_2O + CO_2[/tex]

Also, when H₂SO₄ reacts with baking soda it gives out sodium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide as gas. The reaction is exothermic

[tex]2NaHCO_3+H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 +2H_2O + 2CO_2[/tex]

Hence, HCl is a stronger acid than H₂SO₄ because of its [tex]pK_a[/tex] value.

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