Bacteria in the gut secrete enzymes to break down polysaccharides to monomers, which are then fermented into short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, propionate, and acetate.
- The majority of the carbon and energy that the gut microbiota's members consume comes from the host's dietary polysaccharides, which are carbohydrates made up of many sugar monomers.
- Enzymes and proteins are used by bacteria to break down various nutrients into forms that may be used as fuel.
- Bacteria also create a variety of byproducts as a result of the breakdown and use of nutrients for energy in this process.
- Due to a flaw in human digestive physiology, which is only able to assimilate proteins, lipids, simple sugars, and starch, dietary polysaccharides directly form the microbiota.
- As a result, nonstarch polysaccharides are the main nutrients reaching the microbiota.
- The digestion of dietary complex carbohydrates by gut microorganisms releases energy that can be absorbed by the host through fermentation products.
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