Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, The interaction which definitely involves one individual gaining and one individual losing is predation.
In a biological interaction known as predation, one organism—the predator kills and consumes another. Thus, one organism will benefit while another will suffer. Example of preparator are lion and zebra, Bear and fish etc.
Predation frequently modifies community structure, species diversity, and prey population density. When predators eat more of superior rivals who would otherwise dominate the population without predators, it can increase the diversity of the prey community.
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