A clinician may come across individuals who have trouble making decisions for a variety of reasons. the ethical principles likely to come into conflict are autonomy and nonmalaficence.
Primum non nocere, which translates from Latin as "first, do no harm," is a proverb that has its origins in medical ethics.
Doctors are required to "do no harm" to patients in accordance with the nonmaleficence principle. Physicians must avoid giving patients inadequate therapies or behaving cruelly to them. However, because many effective medications also have significant hazards, this notion doesn't provide much direction for doctors. Whether the advantages outweigh the drawbacks is the relevant ethical question.
Ineffective treatments should not be given to patients by doctors because they carry a risk without a guarantee of reward and may even endanger the patient.
A decision must be made after weighing the prospective rewards and hazards. The patient ultimately decides how much importance to give to the dangers and advantages.
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