Hydrogenation affects unsaturated fats by adding hydrogen atoms to their unsaturated chains and making them be more saturated.
Unsaturation in organic compounds is an indication of the presence of double or triple bonds in one or more C-C bonds in the structure of the compounds.
Saturated organic compounds do not have double or triple C-C bonds in them.
Unsaturated compounds, therefore, have the tendency to undergo addition reactions due to the presence of the double/triple bond.
Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats is an additional reaction. The hydrogen atoms attach themselves by pairing with the lone electron pairs in the double or triple bonds.
Thus, the addition of hydrogen makes unsaturated compounds to be more saturated.
Saturated compounds, on the other hand, can only undergo substitution reactions instead of addition reactions.
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