As the 4 years old girl learns new words by connecting them to concepts that she already understands, such process is called a fast-mapping in psychology.
In psychology, a fast mapping refers to a mental process whereby a new concept is learned or a new hypothesis formed based only on minimal exposure to a given unit of information such as one exposure to a word in an informative context where its referent is present.
It is thought by some researchers to be particularly important during language acquisition in young children and may serve to explain the prodigious rate at which children gain vocabulary.
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