An exhausted forest ranger may detect the faintest odor of a forest fire, while much stronger but less important odors pass her by. This fact is especially important in signal detection theory.
Signal detection theory is a method of distinguishing between a person's ability to discriminate the presence and absence of a stimulus (or different stimulus intensities) and the criterion used to respond to those stimuli.(a) An overview of signal detection theory. A simple application of SDT in experimental psychology is testing a subject's ability to detect a short tone pip (beep) against a background of white noise ('ssss...'; [1]). Subjects are required to decide whether or not there was a tone present over a series of trials.
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