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Ans: B). The limiting reactant in a reaction is the first reactant to be completely converted to products.
In a chemical reaction, the limiting reagent is one with a lower number of moles. Thus, the limiting reactant will be consumed first and will dictate the amount of product that can be formed.
For example consider the reaction between 1 g of Mg and 2 g of O to form MgO
[tex]2Mg + O_{2} ---- 2MgO[/tex]
# moles of Mg = [tex]\frac{mass of Mg}{atomic mass of Mg} = \frac{ 1 g}{24 g.mol-1} = 0.042 moles[/tex]
# moles of Oxygen = [tex]\frac{mass of oxygen}{molar mass} = \frac{2}{32} =0.063 moles[/tex]
since moles of Mg is less than that of oxygen, Mg will be the limiting reactant. Thus, it will be consumed first and will be completely converted into MgO.
The statement which is true about limiting reactants is: B). The limiting reactant in a reaction is the first reactant to be completely converted to products.
A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process which involves the continuous transformation and rearrangement of either the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of chemical elements, especially through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds, so as to form (produce) a new chemical compound.
Generally, a chemical reaction comprises of two or more constituents chemical elements that are grouped as:
- Reactants.
- Products.
A limiting reactant is also referred to as a limiting reagent and it can be defined as a reactant that typically determines the amount of product that is formed in a chemical reaction.
Also, a limiting reactant is totally consumed at the completion (end) of any chemical reaction and as such a chemical reaction cannot continue without a limiting reactant.
In conclusion, the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the first reactant to be completely converted to products.
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