Rutherford observed that not all of the alpha particles were absorbed by the gold foil. Few alpha particles are scattered with deflection. This surprised him.
Rutherford was surprised to observe that most of the alpha particles he fired at the gold foil went straight through the foil with little deflection. He expected that the alpha particles would be strongly deflected by the positively charged nucleus of the atoms in the gold foil.
It was a famous experiment done by Rutherford in which he bombarded a thin sheet of gold with alpha particles. He observed that most of the particles passed through the sheet, but a few were scattered at large angles. From this, he concluded that the atom was mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
This experiment is called the alpha particle scattering experiment and through this experiment, he was able to discover the nucleus.
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