Proteins can be separated experimentally based on how well they bind to particular ligands using ion-exchange chromatography.
pH. Depending on pH, total protein charge affects protein stability and ion exchange media binding. Proteins, peptides, amino acids, and nucleotides are examples of charged biological molecules that can be separated using ion exchange chromatography.
Ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, dialysis, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, and electrophoresis (including SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and capillary electrophoresis) are a few of the frequently used methods for separating proteins.
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